Control of the center: The center (d4, d5, e4, e5 squares) is critical because it provides greater mobility and attacking opportunities for your pieces.
Development: Rapid and efficient development of your pieces to active squares helps you prepare for the middlegame.
King safety: Ensure your king's safety, typically by castling early and avoiding unnecessary exposure to threats.
Pawn structure: Aim for a solid pawn structure with minimal weaknesses, as pawns provide support and protection for your pieces.
Rook on the 7th rank: A rook on the 7th rank (2nd rank for Black) pressures the opponent's pawns and cuts off their king.
Piece coordination: Strive for harmonious coordination among your pieces to create threats and maximize their potential.
Space advantage: Controlling more space often grants better mobility and attacking prospects for your pieces.
Open files and diagonals: Control open files and diagonals with rooks and bishops to increase their influence on the board.
Initiative: Keep pressure on your opponent with threats, forcing them to respond and limiting their options.
Prophylaxis: Anticipate and prevent your opponent's plans and threats, disrupting their strategy.
Minority attack: Use a smaller number of pawns to create weaknesses in the opponent's pawn majority.
Outposts: Secure advanced squares for your pieces, especially knights, to exert influence over the board.
Trading pieces: Exchange pieces to simplify the position or exploit an advantage in material, piece quality, or pawn structure.
Isolated pawn: Attack and blockade an isolated pawn, while avoiding creating one in your position.
Backward pawn: Target backward pawns, which are vulnerable due to their inability to advance and receive support from neighboring pawns.
Doubled pawns: Exploit doubled pawns as potential weaknesses, while avoiding them in your position when possible.
Passed pawn: Create and support passed pawns, which can become major threats when advanced towards promotion.
Weak squares: Identify and control weak squares in your opponent's position to create outposts or entry points for your pieces.
Bishops vs. knights: Evaluate the position to determine whether bishops or knights are more valuable, considering factors like pawn structure