The 19th century saw a dazzling period in chess history known as the Romantic Era. Here, victory was pursued not through cautious maneuvering but through bold sacrifices, brilliant attacks, and spectacular checkmates. Gambits and aggressive openings reigned supreme, as players sought not only to win but to create games of artistic beauty.
Adolf Anderssen vs Lionel Kieseritzky (1851) is perhaps the most famous game of the Romantic Era. Anderssen sacrificed both rooks and his queen before delivering a brilliant checkmate with minor pieces — an enduring symbol of creative attacking chess.
Another Anderssen masterpiece, played against Jean Dufresne in 1852, featured a dazzling queen sacrifice followed by a cascade of tactical blows. The game earned the nickname “Evergreen” for its timeless brilliance.
While Romantic chess produced unforgettable masterpieces, its reign could not last. As players like Wilhelm Steinitz demonstrated the power of positional play and defense, reckless sacrifices became less effective at the highest levels. By the late 19th century, Romantic chess gave way to the Classical Era, where positional foundations became central to success.
Although no longer dominant, Romantic chess remains celebrated for its artistry. Modern players still study these games for inspiration, and their tactical themes live on in puzzles, teaching materials, and chess culture.
👉 Continue your journey through history in our Chess History Guide.