Learn opposition, triangulation, and key square theory. These basics form the foundation for all pawn endgames and teach precise calculation.
Study Lucena and Philidor positions, as rook endings occur most often in practice. Mastering just a few key patterns dramatically improves results.
Understand “good knight vs bad bishop” scenarios, opposite-colored bishop draws, and knight outpost techniques. These imbalances are common and practical.
In endgames, the king is a fighting piece. Prioritize centralization and use your king actively to escort pawns or restrict the enemy king.
Recognize when you have a pawn majority and convert it into a passed pawn. Passed pawns decide many endgames, especially when supported by active pieces.
When ahead, trade into endgames you know are winning. Avoid unnecessary complexity that may allow counterplay or swindles.
Learn defensive techniques like the “short-side defense” in rook endings or fortress setups in pawn endings. Saving half-points matters as much as winning.
Practice winning slightly better endgames by tightening the screws. These technical skills separate good improvers from casual players.
Always consider whether exchanges will lead to favorable endgames. Being ready to steer into the right kind of endgame is a powerful skill.
Follow master games and classic endgame studies. Exposure to these models gives you patterns that repeat in practical play.