What is Trapping in chess?

Trapping is a tactic where a piece is forced into a position with no legal escape squares, leading to its capture. It differs from a direct attack because the piece is often hemmed in by its own army or the board edge.

What is the difference between Trapping and Setting a Trap?

'Trapping' means restricting a piece so it cannot move (domination). 'Setting a Trap' means creating a situation where the opponent is lured into making a mistake.

Trapping Pieces in Chess – The "No Exit" Strategy

The Concept: A piece is Trapped when it is safe for the moment, but has absolutely nowhere to go. It hasn't been captured yet, but its doom is inevitable because all escape routes are cut off.

Part 1: The Trapped Queen

1. The Greedy Queen

De Francisco vs. Morrisson

The Trap: Queen hunting on h7.

1...Rg6 2.Qh5 Bg4!
3.Qh8 Rh6 4.Qg8 Be6
5.Rfe1 f5!
Black methodically removes every escape square. After `5...f5`, the Queen has absolutely nowhere to run.

2. The Middlegame Cage

Therrien vs. Baburin

The Trap: Queen infiltrated to b2.

1.Bxh3 Bxh3
2.Rfb1! Qc2 3.Ra2!
White closes the door with Rooks. `wins material`

3. The Invisible Wall

Ree vs. Hort

The Trap: Queen on h5.

1...Rxh4! 2.Kxh4 Bd4!
A draw was soon agreed. As long as black keeps his B on the a1-h8 diagonal, the white Q can never escape the cage she is in.

Part 2: Trapped Rooks, Knights & Bishops

4. The Stranded Knight

Onischuk vs. Morozevich

The Trap: Knight on b7.

1...Qb6
2.Qxb6 axb6
3.Nd8 Rd6!
White resigned. The White Knight is trapped on d8.

5. The Trapped Rook

Radjabov vs. Shirov

The Trap: Rook on d5.

1.b4! (threat 2.Bc4) Rc8
2.a4!
White now threatens `Be4` winning the exchange. The Rook has no safe squares.

6. The Dominated Rook

Stahlberg vs. Persitz

The Trap: Rook on a8.

1.Bb8! 1...Raxb8
2.Qxb8
One-move finish! If `Rfxb8` then `2.Qxb8+` mates, and any other move loses the rook on a8.

7. The Bishop Trap

Alekhine vs. Blackburne

The Trap: Bishop on b5.

1...Qa5 2.a4 a6
Even GMs blunder! The pawns force the Bishop into a dead end.

Wait... isn't "Setting a Trap" the same thing?

No! "Trapping a Piece" means restricting its movement so it has zero safe squares (like the examples above). "Setting a Trap" means laying a hidden snare that relies on your opponent making a mistake or falling into a forcing line.

Here is an example of Setting a Tactical Trap. The Queen below isn't "trapped" (immobile); she is simply the victim of a calculated combination.

8. Setting a Trap (The Fork)

Xie vs. Yu

The Tactic: White sacrifices the Rook to lure the King into a Fork.

1.Rxf6, gxf6 2.Qh7+, Kf8
3.Nxe6+, Rxe6 4.Rxe6, fxe6
5.Qxc7
The Queen on c7 wasn't "trapped" (she had squares to move to), but she was lost due to a tactical sequence.

Trapping: The "No Exit" Strategy